China had ballistic, intercontinental missiles, satellites, nuclear bombs, and nuclear submarines...
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Video Transcript:
<p>Our modern higher education system was founded in the late Qing Dynasty. Institutions of higher education -- like Beida -- were established by the Qing dynasty. And Tsinghua University. So, the education system was started in the Qing dynasty. And we had <em>Jiangnan Zhizao Ju</em>, I forgot the English name of this factory, but they imported some German engineer. They brought in modern technology, basic skills for manufacturing. And ROK [sic] established a modern financial system. In 1935, when there was <em>Baiying Weiji</em>, the civil crisis -- actually, the civil crisis was caused by United States -- they hurt China and forced the Guomindang government -- the Nanjing government -- to create a modern currency system. And then in Mao Zedong’s time, China established a modern interest rate system, so when Deng Xiaoping launched his reform, China was already a very strong country. In 1949, out of 500 million Chinese people, there were only 160,000 daxue sen, people with bachelor’s degrees. But, by the end of Mao’s rule, there were over 8 million. And the life expectancy in 1949 was just 39; less than 40. But, by the end of Mao’s rule, when the reform started, the average life expectancy had risen to 69. Thirty years more than in 1949. And China had <em>liangdan yixin</em>, ballistic, intercontinental missiles, satellites, nuclear bombs, and nuclear submarines. So as an academic, I would try to stick to a so-called political-neutral stance.</p>
description:
Jin Canrong discusses China's pre-reform strengths.